Social Engineering Blogs

An Aggregator for Blogs About Social Engineering and Related Fields

Rapport in Investigative Interviews

Humintell Director Dr. David Matsumoto recently conducted a webinar on “Understanding Rapport and its Possible Components” for the International Association of Interviewers (IAI).

Please enjoy this recording of the recent webinar as well as the outline he wrote that preceded it.

 

Anyone and everyone who expounds an ethical, non-confrontational, empirically-based approach to interviewing acknowledges the importance of rapport. And for good reason: Rapport has been documented in basic social psychological research for decades as a crucial element in any successful human interaction involving coordination and cooperation among interactants. Recent empirical studies have increasingly demonstrated it is also critical to investigative interviewing. Anyone who does investigative interviewing can attest to its importance.

Of course, I am preaching to the choir. As I write this I am reading the IAI February 2020 Featured Blog entitled “Successful interviews: Why rapport is crucial to policing.” It, along with IAI’s recent webinar on rapport, are excellent examples of the importance of rapport in investigative interviewing.

As I have been researching, thinking about, and struggling with this important topic, I have come to realize that we still don’t have good answers to some really fundamental questions about rapport. These include what exactly is rapport? And what is it not? Is it necessary or sufficient for successful investigative interviews? Are there other equally if not more important concepts that are crucial to successful interviews?

Answers to these very basic, but very important, questions are not found in the scientific literature, either.

Still, it seems to me that we should seek answers or clarity to these questions because how we land on them can influence many things, including our understanding about the nature and function of rapport in interviews; how to establish, maintain, and repair it; and whether there are other concepts that we should also keep in mind when conducting interviews.

In this webinar, I will raise these questions, bringing examples from the scientific literature as well as practical applications. I won’t provide a recipe for how to establish and maintain rapport in investigative interviews, because there are so many extremely competent interviewers, especially those certified in the CFI/IAI method! But I would like to raise awareness of some important questions, and possible limitations, of the concept of rapport, and bring to bear whatever scientific evidence there is to address these issues.

The overall goal of the webinar will be to raise awareness about and critical thinking related to this incredibly important concept to investigative interviews.

What is Body Language?

So you want to know about body language?

Body language is also known by another term called Nonverbal Behavior.

Nonverbal behavior is a complex signal system of the body to communicate our mental states, thoughts and feelings.

I say it’s one of the most complex signal systems of the body because it includes different channels like facial expressions, tone of voice, my hands, gestures, body posture, the way we walk- even how much space we take when we talk with each other, and whether or not we touch each other.

Each of those channels can communicate different messages. They communicate specific or generic emotions. They communicate cognitive processes or specific cognitions; some kind of physiological states and some other things.

When you put all those channels together with all those signals it’s really easy to see why nonverbal behavior or body language is one of the most, or the most, complex signal system in the body. When we’re trying to observe body language, it’s just so overwhelming because there’s so many channels and messages.

So what channel should you focus on?

Research has shown that of all of the channels and all of the messages coming at us, one of the most important is facial expressions of emotion. That’s why we focus on facial expressions of emotion.

That doesn’t mean that everything else is not important because we also focus on the other things, like gesture and voices and everything else. But facial expressions of emotion are the most important channel that we have.

What’s unique about Humintell?

One thing that’s unique about our work and our approach to body language is that we focus on what we call validated indicators.

These are behaviors that have been validated by research and science over the last thirty to fifty years and that have been vetted in the field by the thousands of people that we have been fortunate enough to train and use our system in their daily lives.

Want to learn more?

Take a look at these past blogs on body language

Better Reading Body Language

Benefits of Learning to Read Body Language and Facial Expressions of Emotion

9 Ways Your Body Language Can Help You Land a Job

6 Steps to Effective Interview Body Language

Benefits of Learning to Read Body Language and Facial Expressions of Emotion

Body Language is also known as Nonverbal Behavior – dynamic body movements that convey messages about the unspoken mindsets of individuals.

Learning to read Body Language or Nonverbal Behavior is crucial for anyone who wants to gain insights into the personalities, motivations, intentions, and hidden thoughts and feelings of people with whom they interact.

But with many channels and sub-channels of nonverbal behavior to track, reading nonverbal behavior is complicated!

Fortunately, research and practical experience can tell us which behavior to pay attention to and which to ignore, which are more important than others, and the kinds of messages we can get.

Learning to read facial expressions of emotion remains one of the most important channels of nonverbal behavior.

Here are a few of the many benefits to learning how to read facial expressions:

Strong Predictor of Workplace Performance

The ability to read emotions in others and in oneself has proven through research to be the strongest driver of leadership and personal excellence.

A recent study even suggests people who are in tune with their colleagues’ emotions are more likely to bring home a bigger paycheck than their emotionally-stunted colleagues!

 

Increased Ability to Detect Deception

Research has demonstrated that when motivated people lie, and there are stakes if they are caught, clues to deception do emerge, and appear as leakage across multiple channels.

The number one channel where this leakage occurs? You got it, facial expressions of emotion.

In addition, while there has been a general consensus that microexpressions (facial expressions that last less than ½ second: they occur when people are consciously or unconsciously trying to conceal or repress what they are feeling) play a significant role in deception detection for decades, in reality there had never been a research study published in a peer-reviewed, scientific journal that documented that claim.

Until now.

New and exciting evidence comes from Humintell’s own Drs. David Matsumoto and Hyisung Hwang in a recently published paper in Frontiers in Psychology. In their study, they sought to determine whether microexpressions could reliably indicate deception in a mock crime experiment. Ultimately, they found that microexpressions served as a helpful guide both in detecting deceit and also in evaluating future misconduct.

 

Alleviates Facial Affect Recognition Deficits in Children with Autism

Multiple research studies have concluded that be using a computerized emotion recognition training program (like MiX), children with autism could improve their facial expression recognition ability.

More information on these research studies conducted can be found here and here.

 

 

Reduce Subsequent Crime in Juvenile Offenders with Antisocial Behavior

Researchers in the UK found that boys who improved their ability to recognize fear, anger and sadness in others’ faces were significantly less violent and severe that those who did not receive training.

The study involved 50 boys who had been convicted of a crime. More on this fascinating research can be found here.