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The Humintell Blog August 6, 2024

Feeling angry? Write down your thoughts then throw them away

There are many ways to manage your emotions and researchers out of Nagoya Univeristy have discovered a simple, but effective, strategy to help with anger management.

Writing down your thoughts on the cause of your anger and then throwing that piece of paper away can be an effective way to neutralize your negative feelings.

The study entitled “After being insulted, writing down your feelings on paper then getting rid of it reduces anger” was published in Scientific Reports on Nature.

This important research builds on similar research on the association between the written word and anger reduction as well as studies showing how interactions with physical objects can control a person’s mood.

For example, after a bad breakup you may feel the desire to burn letters or destroy gifts from your ex.

Anger Study Methodology

For their anger project, lead researcher Nobuyuki Kawai and his graduate student Yuta Kanaya asked 50 participants to write brief opinions about important social problems, such as whether smoking in public should be outlawed.

Evaluators then deliberately scored the papers low on intelligence, interest, friendliness, logic, and rationality.

For good measure, evaluators added insulting comments such as: “I cannot believe an educated person would think like this. I hope this person learns something while at the university.”

After handing out these negative comments, the researchers asked the participants to write their thoughts on the feedback, focusing on what triggered their emotions.

One group was told to either roll up the paper with their thoughts and throw it in a bin or keep it in a file on their desk. A second group was told to shred the paper, or put it in a plastic box.

The students were then asked to rate their anger after the insult and after either disposing of or keeping the paper.

Anger Study Results

As expected, all participants reported a higher level of anger after receiving insulting comments.

However, the anger levels of the individuals who discarded their paper in the trash can or shredded it returned to their initial state after disposing of the paper.

Meanwhile, the participants who held on to a hard copy of the insult experienced only a small decrease in their overall anger.

Researchers concluded that “the meaning (interpretation) of disposal plays a critical role” in reducing anger.

The Japanese Tradition Hakidashira

This process is like a Japanese tradition called hakidashisara, in which people write their negative thoughts on a plate then destroy it.

Along with its practical benefits, this discovery may shed light on the origins of the Japanese cultural tradition known as hakidashisara (hakidashi sara refers to a dish or plate) at the Hiyoshi shrine in Kiyosu, just outside Nagoya.

Hakidashisara is an annual festival where people smash small discs representing things that make them angry.

The study’s findings may explain the feeling of relief that participants report after leaving the festival, the paper concluded.

Kawai imagines using his research to help businesspeople who find themselves in stressful situations.

“This technique could be applied in the moment by writing down the source of anger as if taking a memo and then throwing it away when one feels angry in a business situation,” he explained.

For another helpful guide to anger, read this past blog post from Humintell.

The post Feeling angry? Write down your thoughts then throw them away first appeared on Humintell.

Filed Under: culture, Science

The Humintell Blog July 11, 2024

Digital Devices Can Hinder Kids’ Emotion Regulation Ability

All parents of young children know how challenging it is when your child throws a tantrum. But think again before you reach for a mobile phone or tablet to soothe them.

New research entitled “Cure for tantrums? Longitudinal associations between parental digital emotion regulation and children’s self-regulatory skills” suggests that doing so may damage a child’s ability to manage their emotions later in life, otherwise known as emotion regulation.

This lack of emotion regulation skills could subsequently lead to anger management issues when the child is an adult.

Children’s Development

Children learn a lot about self-regulation – affective, mental, and behavioral responses to certain situations – during their first few years of life, and researchers say this is mainly done through their relationship with their parents.

In fact, young brains need a lot of external stimuli to develop particularly from birth to age 3. It’s during this time that children’s neurons are making connections for fundamental skills such as vision, hearing, and language.

When children spent too much time in front of a screen rather than interacting with people, they can have stunted development of the frontal lobe part. This is the part of the brain that decodes social interactions.

As a result, it can be more difficult to develop empathy or learn social cues such as facial expressions.

Tantrums and Digital Devices

In recent years, it has become more common to give children digital devices to control their responses to emotions, especially if they are negative.

But study researchers suggest that if people knew digital devices were not appropriate for dealing with tantrums, the mental health and wellbeing of children would benefit.

Dr Veronika Konok, the study’s first author and a researcher at Eotvos Lorand University in Hungary, says:

“Tantrums cannot be cured by digital devices. Children have to learn how to manage their negative emotions for themselves. They need the help of their parents during this learning process, not the help of a digital device. Here we show that if parents regularly offer a digital device to their child to calm them or to stop a tantrum, the child won’t learn to regulate their emotions. This leads to more severe emotion-regulation problems, specifically, anger management problems, later in life.”

Long Term Digital Consequences

Prof Caroline Fitzpatrick, senior author of the study explains that many parents frequently use tablets or smart phones to divert their child’s attention when they are upset.

Children are fascinated by digital content, so this is an easy way to stop tantrums. It may be effective in the short term but researchers suspect that over the long term this strategy could have drastic consequences.

In 2020, researchers at the Université de Sherbrooke conducted an assessment and a followed-up one year later.

More than 300 parents of children aged between two- and five-years-old completed a questionnaire which assessed child and parent media use.

According to the findings, when parents used digital emotion regulation more often, children showed poorer anger and frustration management skills a year later.

Children who were given devices more often as they experienced negative emotions also showed less ability to choose a deliberate response over an automatic one.

The study, published in Frontiers in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, also found that poorer anger management skills at the beginning meant children were given digital devices more often as a management tool.

Alternate Solutions for Parents

So if giving a child throwing a tantrum a screen is not a good option, what may be a better alternative?

It is important not to avoid situations that could be frustrating to the child, the researchers pointed out. Instead, it is recommended that parents coach their children through difficult situations, help them recognize their emotions, and teach them to handle them.

To equip parents of children with anger management problems for success, it is important that they receive support, the researchers said.

For example, health professionals working with families could provide information on how parents can help their children manage their emotions without giving them tablets or smartphones.

The post Digital Devices Can Hinder Kids’ Emotion Regulation Ability first appeared on Humintell.

Filed Under: General

The Humintell Blog June 13, 2024

The Link Between Childhood Trauma and Emotion Recognition

A recent study published in Scientific Reports studied the association between childhood trauma and emotion recognition.

Their results showed that childhood trauma alone was significantly associated with emotion recognition accuracy when exploring stimuli intensity, modality, and emotion.

Furthermore, when researchers controlled for psychopathy and alexithymia, childhood trauma was significant only when exploring the emotion portrayed.

The Importance of Emotion Recognition

IMPROVE YOUR EMOTION RECOGNITION ABILITY

Emotion recognition refers to the ability of humans to identify emotional states and is crucial in daily interactions and relationships. Expressing emotions forms the core of social interactions, facilitating appropriate responses in social situations.

Research has suggested that individuals who have better emotion recognition skills have better social adjustment, better school performance, and even better workplace success across a wide range of industries and job types.

Past research also suggests that experiences of childhood trauma such as neglect or abuse are one factor that has been associated with poorer emotion recognition skills. However, the breadth of these effects and their relationship with individual differences remain unclear.

What is Alexithymia?

According to Psychology Today, alexithymia, also known as emotional blindness, is a personality feature in which a person has difficulty experiencing, identifying, understanding, and expressing their emotions.

This can be influenced by several factors including genetics, past experiences, and certain medical conditions.

Current research suggests that about 50% of people with autism have alexithymia, compared to 10-13% of the general population. Men tend to experience alexithymia more than women.

Definition of Childhood Trauma

The researchers defined childhood trauma as exposure to actual or threatening behavior, serious injury, or sexual violence, and encompasses both neglect and abuse.

Childhood trauma has been associated with heightened emotional reactivity, low emotional awareness, and difficulties in regulating emotions. Childhood trauma is also associated with differences in recognizing others’ emotions; however, these are not uniform.

Studying Childhood Trauma and Emotion Recognition

In their study entitled “The association between childhood trauma and emotion recognition is reduced or eliminated when controlling for alexithymia and psychopathy traits”, Cooper, H., Jennings, B.J., Kumari, V. et al explored the effects of childhood trauma on emotion recognition ability.

122 participants over the age of 18 were recruited from an online site and an undergraduate course. Variables of individual differences were childhood trauma, psychopathy, and alexithymia.

Participants completed the following questionnaires:

  • 28-item childhood trauma questionnaire short-form (CTQ-SF), a widely used retrospective screening tool for childhood maltreatment in adults.
  • 29-item self-reported psychopathy scale short-form (SRP-SF), used to measure psychopathic traits
  • 20-item Toronto alexithymia questionnaire (TAS-20) that measures difficulty in identifying and describing emotions

Total scores from these questionnaires were standardized and used for analyses.

For emotional tasks, stimuli were selected from a database containing clips of actors expressing six of the seven basic emotions (happy, angry, sad, surprise, disgust, and fear) and a neutral condition across three modalities (audiovisual, face, and voice).

Emotional stimuli were presented at normal or strong intensity. A silent video of actors expressing a neutral or emotional expression was presented in the face modality.

Participants listened to an audio clip in the voice condition, while in the audiovisual condition, a clip with both video and audio was presented. They specified the emotion expressed in the clips.

The experiment was run online in four blocks

  1. Personality questionnaire
  2. TAS-20 and face task
  3. SRP-SF and voice task
  4. CTQ-SF and audiovisual task

The effect of childhood trauma alone on emotion recognition ability was examined using generalized mixed models and additionally controlled for psychopathy and alexithymia.

Study Results

In the model with childhood trauma and modality as fixed factors, there was a significant main effect of childhood trauma and modality. However, the effect size was small. The team found that higher childhood trauma was associated with poorer emotion recognition ability.

Accuracy was significantly better for audiovisual emotions than vocal and facial emotions. Interestingly, when controlling for psychopathy and alexithymia, childhood trauma was no longer significant.

The accuracy was significantly different between fear and neutral expressions; expressions of fear had significantly poorer accuracy. Notably, childhood trauma remained significant after controlling for psychopathy and alexithymia, with a significant main effect of emotion portrayed.

No significant interaction was observed between childhood trauma and the emotion portrayed, suggesting no variations in the effect of trauma across emotions.

Study Conclusion

The authors suggest in their paper that the relationship between childhood trauma and emotion recognition accuracy, when exploring intensity, may be significantly influenced by other related factors – in this case alexithymia.

This further enhances our understanding of the relationship between childhood trauma and emotion deficits.

In addition, childhood trauma alone had a significant association with emotion recognition ability when exploring modality, emotion portrayed, and intensity. More experience of childhood trauma was associated with poorer accuracy.

The authors emphasize in their conclusions that when controlling for alexithymia and psychopathy, childhood trauma only had a significant association with poorer accuracy when exploring emotion portrayed. This illustrates the importance of including and controlling for interrelated individual differences.

It may suggest that present theories involving childhood trauma and emotion deficits may need to account for factors such as higher levels of alexithymia and psychopathy traits in the groups being studied.

References

Cooper, H., Jennings, B.J., Kumari, V. et al. The association between childhood trauma and emotion recognition is reduced or eliminated when controlling for alexithymia and psychopathy traits. Sci Rep 14, 3413 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-53421-5

The post The Link Between Childhood Trauma and Emotion Recognition first appeared on Humintell.

Filed Under: Emotion, Science

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