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The Humintell Blog November 9, 2022

How Nonverbal Communication Is Going Digital

In a recent BBC Worklife article, Joanna York suggests that we’re used to reading body language and silent cues in person but with remote work, subtle ways we communicate are changing – and workers need to know how to adapt.

The global pandemic certainly changed the way we interact. In fact, one 2021 Beezy survey detailing digital workplace trends shows that 54% of professionals now attend more (virtual) meetings than they used to pre-pandemic (in-person). Moreover, close to half of the respondents (43%) said they now attend between 4 and 7 more meetings per week than they used to pre-pandemic.

Nonverbal Communication in the Workforce 

In a previous blog we described how it’s true that when communicating digitally, the visual stimulation of a person’s behavior or in their facial expressions is almost the same as being face to face, especially given the level of technology that we have now. In addition, your auditory perception (hearing ability) is present, since you can clearly hear the other person’s tone of voice.

But there are clearly some substantial differences between being live vs virtual, including a reduction in nonverbal communication and nonverbal behavior.

What are some of those differences?

In a live context when we interact with others, we receive what Dr. Matsumoto calls “full nonverbal packages” which include:

  • The face and facial expressions
  • Voice
  • Gestures
  • Body posture
  • Leg, hand and foot movements

In-person we also have the additional nonverbal cues such as the ability to sense spacing between one another, hear sounds, and experience various smells.

Virtually we have much less of these observable cues and it’s harder to read body language in general. You typically cannot see the whole body and therefore cannot see many of the body movements from the waist down that you can typically see live.

There are more distractions: on screen, you can see yourself and focus on what you look like. People’s backgrounds are static. It’s easy to pay less attention to the person you’re speaking to.

Here are 6 tips on how to communicate effectively virtually:

1. Turn on your camera and unmute yourself

While you may be tempted to turn your video off or press mute, it may not be the best idea. In fact, a 2022 survey of 200 executives showed that 92% of managers believed that employees who turned off their cameras during meetings were less likely to have a long-term future at their company.

Public speaking coach AnnMarie Baines agrees, “I have observed more people using the virtual world to hide and avoid the fear public speaking completely. By turning off our cameras and putting ourselves on mute, it is easier to opt out of public speaking and observe discussions at a distance, as opposed to being spotlighted and risk judgment and uncertainty.”

2. Create a context that is conducive to have work meetings

If possible, carve out a physical workspace at home and treat that space like you would a work environment. If you have a meeting, dress like you’re going to a meeting. Context matters!

See what you look like before the meeting; check your camera angle. Check your background, sounds, lighting to ensure it’s appropriate.

3. Stay focused on the interaction and value your connection to your audience

It’s easy to get distracted and to think that others not paying attention. Data has also shown that during video calls, factors like camera angles, distance from the camera and ability to make eye contact all impact how likeable people are perceived to be.

York describes how eye contact particularly is positively associated with likeability, social presence, and interpersonal attraction. Yet making eye-contact on a video call requires us to go against our natural instincts as it requires you to look into the camera when you speak. Like anything, it takes practice!

4. Use nonverbal cues to confirm understanding

Use nonverbal cues – faces and voices – along with verbal content and confirm understanding. These remote meetings may take longer, and we may need to make more effort to make sure we’re all on the same page. Ask questions. Confirm understanding verbally. Not being on the same page can have dire consequences.

5. Expect and embrace discomfort

covid-19, remote communication and body languageCommunicating over a webcam may be uncomfortable. That said, for many, public speaking has always been an uncomfortable and somewhat unnatural experience, even before the pandemic hit.

Many speakers and performers use visualization techniques, where they prepare themselves by imagining the result they want. Instead of imagining situations where you don’t feel any nerves at all, it can help to imagine the jitters you might have at the start and then imagine them disappearing as you sink into the moment and connect with your audience.

It can also help to embrace the reality that public speaking will sometimes feel awful, but also that the discomfort won’t last forever — sometimes, it is only a few minutes.

6. Record and re-watch

If your service allows recording of your interactions, check out how you come off. It’s a great learning experience to see yourself.

The post How Nonverbal Communication Is Going Digital first appeared on Humintell.

Filed Under: Nonverbal Behavior

The Humintell Blog October 14, 2022

Babies Smile in Utero When Mom Eats Carrots But Frown When it’s Kale

A study led by Durham University’s Fetal and Neonatal Research Lab and published in the journal Psychological Science provides the first direct evidence that babies react to taste and smell in the womb.

The researchers took 4D ultrasound scans of 100 pregnant women to see how their unborn babies responded after being exposed to flavors from foods eaten by their mothers.

Thirty-five of the women took a capsule containing powdered carrot and 34 took a kale capsule. After 20 minutes researchers looked at each fetus using a 4D ultrasound. The mothers also did not eat or drink anything containing carrot or kale on the day of their scans to control for factors that could affect fetal reactions.

The results?

Evidence shows that facial expressions begin in utero; data shows that laughing and smiling begin in the womb as early as 24 weeks and are very prevalent by week 32.

Fetuses exposed to carrot showed more “laughter-face” responses while those exposed to kale showed more “cry-face” responses.  Their findings could further our understanding of the development of human taste and smell receptors.

Facial reactions seen in both flavor groups, compared with fetuses in a control group who were not exposed to either flavor, showed that exposure to just a small amount of carrot or kale flavor was enough to stimulate a reaction.

Babies in utero
Fig. 1. Example of cry-face gestalt of a kale-exposed fetus: (a) baseline, (b) cry-face gestalt (apex). FM11 = nasolabial furrow; FM16 = lower-lip depressor.
Fig. 2. Example of laughter-face gestalt of a carrot-exposed fetus: (a) baseline, (b) laughter-face gestalt (apex). FM6 = cheek raiser; FM12 = lip-corner puller.

The researchers also believe that what pregnant women eat might influence babies’ taste preferences after birth and potentially have implications for establishing healthy eating habits.

Humans experience flavor through a combination of taste and smell. In fetuses it is thought that this might happen through inhaling and swallowing the amniotic fluid in the womb.

Lead researcher Beyza Ustun, a postgraduate researcher in the Fetal and Neonatal Research Lab, Department of Psychology, Durham University, said:

“A number of studies have suggested that babies can taste and smell in the womb, but they are based on post-birth outcomes while our study is the first to see these reactions prior to birth. As a result, we think that this repeated exposure to flavors before birth could help to establish food preferences post-birth, which could be important when thinking about messaging around healthy eating and the potential for avoiding ‘food-fussiness’ when weaning. It was really amazing to see unborn babies’ reaction to kale or carrot flavors during the scans and share those moments with their parents.”

The researchers say their findings might also help with information given to mothers about the importance of taste and healthy diets during pregnancy. They have now begun a follow-up study with the same babies post-birth to see if the influence of flavors they experienced in the womb affects their acceptance of different foods.

Research co-author Professor Jackie Blissett, of Aston University, said: “It could be argued that repeated prenatal flavor exposures may lead to preferences for those flavors experienced postnatally. In other words, exposing the fetus to less ‘liked’ flavors, such as kale, might mean they get used to those flavors in utero.

“The next step is to examine whether fetuses show less ‘negative’ responses to these flavors over time, resulting in greater acceptance of those flavors when babies first taste them outside of the womb.”

The post Babies Smile in Utero When Mom Eats Carrots But Frown When it’s Kale first appeared on Humintell.

Filed Under: Emotion, General, Science

The Humintell Blog September 30, 2022

Adults Don’t Get Better at Recognizing Masked Faces

When you recognize a friend’s face, how do you know? Do you make a careful study of their nose and cheekbones? Are you thrown off if they don’t wear the usual expression?

The vast majority of people probably scoffed at those questions. Facial recognition usually isn’t a matter of careful study, but instead it is an instantaneous process. Your brain just knows whose face you are seeing.

However, more than two years after the start of the pandemic, a new study out of York University has found that adults still have difficulty recognizing people when their face is obscured by a mask.

Many people might have assumed their ability to recognize people’s faces despite their mask would improve over time, but not according to the latest research by scientists from York and Ben-Gurion University in Israel. The research entitled Recognition of masked faces in the era of the pandemic: No improvement, despite extensive, natural exposure was published today in the journal Psychological Science.

Researchers found repeated exposure of masked faces throughout the pandemic has made zero difference in adults’ ability to recognize these half-hidden faces.

“Neither time nor experience with masked faces changed or improved the face mask effect,” says York University Assistant Professor Erez Freud of Faculty of Health, the study’s senior author. “This tells us that the adult brain doesn’t not seem to have the ability to change how it processes faces, even when presented with masked faces over an extended period of time.”

The ongoing pandemic provided an unprecedented opportunity for the researchers to examine the plasticity of the mature face processing system.

What is Facial Recognition?

many-faces-facial-recognitionFacial recognition is a key part of understanding emotional expressions. Humans use facial recognition skills to detect deviations from normal or prototypical expressions. This process involves noticing when brows are furrowed or eyes are squinted, instantly comparing those expressions with what is expected upon seeing a face.

Because the recognition of a face is instantaneous, it is only a small cognitive step towards noticing when the face appears differently than expected, and this difference is then analyzed as displaying a certain emotion.

The ability to perceive emotions in this fashion appears to be a basic human feature. The same sort of basic human expressions, such as anger, revulsion, and sadness are found across the world, from Japan to Borneo to the United States. Even emotions displayed in ancient cave paintings show similar expressions!

The Study

The researchers repeatedly tested more than 2,000 adults by show them a series of faces, upright and inverted, with and without masks. Different groups of adults were tested at six different points in time during the pandemic. In addition, the researchers tested the same group near the start of the pandemic and 12-months later. In both the cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, adults showed absolutely no increase in their ability to recognize masked faces.

Previous research showed that adults’ facial recognition abilities decreased by about 15% when the person wore a mask using the Cambridge Face Memory Test (CFMT), which as considered as the standard to tap face recognition abilities.

Face masks also interfere with how unmasked faces are processed — which is normally made in a holistic manner, rather than by the individual parts of the face. This new study not only used the CFMT, but also the Glasgow Face Match Test, an additional measure of face perception, to determine if anything changed since the last study.

“This shows that face processing in humans, at least in adults, is rigid even after prolonged real-life exposure to partially covered faces,” says Freud.

Face sensitivity first shows up in newborns who exhibit a preference for faces or things that look similar to a face, and especially to familiar faces. In contrast to the mature face processing system, repeated exposure to faces as a child plays an important role in refining the face processing system, which continues to develop until the end of puberty.

Freud says it would be interesting to see if children’s ability to recognize masked faces changes over time with exposure, and whether the pandemic has interfered with their normal ability to recognize faces.

Read Masked Faces

Even though masks block faces, all is not lost! Use our brand new, one-of-a-kind course to regain those insights about people’s emotional states.

Masked MiX: Unmask Facial Expressions of Emotion

The post Adults Don’t Get Better at Recognizing Masked Faces first appeared on Humintell.

Filed Under: Emotion, Science

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