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The Humintell Blog March 11, 2013

Tearless Emotions

David Coleman | Dreamstime Stock Photos

Did you know? 

There is no scientific basis that animals can weep as humans do.  Years of observations still do not show if chimpanzees can cry in response to emotions.

Many animals shed tears in response to pain or use tears as a protective device – to keep their eyes moist and free of bacteria, but it is not clear if they can illicit tears due to empathy.  Crying due to empathy seems to be unique the human condition. 

The New York Times reveals that after a few month of birth tearful crying, for humans, becomes a form of communication and ‘begins to serve interpersonal purposes:  the search for comfort and pacification.  As we get older, crying becomes a tool of our social repertory: grief and joy, shame and pride, fear and manipulation.

More recently, we’ve learned from neuroscience that certain brain circuits are activated, rapidly and unconsciously, when we see another in emotional distress. In short, our brain evolved circuits to allow us to experience empathy and compassion, which in turn made civilization possible.

There are many interesting facts and insights into tearful crying, which this article points out one it that tears seem to be the only body fluids that do not evoke feelings of disgust.  There’s no real surprise that women not only cry more frequently men but they cry more intensely too.

Men tend not to try and explain their tears but apologize for them instead.  Men are more likely than women to cry when their core identities- as providers and protector, fathers and fighters are questioned.

Sadness and grief are the main reasons that people report crying, but many people also report feeling happier after crying.  It seems to relieve tension and provides a “catharsis” of bad feelings – ‘Crying disrupts speech, which is why we choke up and weep this suggest to linguist and anthropologists that emotional crying evolved before prepositional language, perhaps explaining why tears communicate states of mind and feelings that are often so difficult to express in words.’

Read the entire article for more detailed and enlightening information.

 What are your thought on crying? Does the article and science have it right or are they missing something ?

Filed Under: Nonverbal Behavior

The Humintell Blog March 9, 2013

Emotional Reactions

Courtesy of Douglas Greenwald | Dreamstime Stock Photos

 WKYC – Channel 3 reports on a deadly shooting that took place last November.  The video shows the debriefing of the police officers who opened fire on two unarmed suspects after a high speed chase.

In the interview of Officer Mike Farley, a Bureau of Criminal Investigation agent asks, “Why did you fire?”

“It was the scariest thing in the world, I fired because I thought they were shooting at us,” said Farley.

Take a look at the video below to view true emotional reactions of these officers. Notice their nonverbal gestures and their tone of voice. An excellent example of raw, genuine emotion.

  What emotions do you see? Share your comments with us. 

Filed Under: Nonverbal Behavior

The Humintell Blog March 3, 2013

Why Humans Like to Cry

Did you know?  Michael Trimble, a British professor at the Institute of Neurology in London suggests that crying tears, for emotional reasons, is a trait unique to humans.

In an interview with Scientific American, Timble answers various questions regarding his new book Why Humans Like to Cry.

He states that

“Tears are necessary to keep the eyeball moist, and contain proteins and other substances which maintain the eye healthy and to combat infection. Tearing occurs in many animals in response to irritants which get in the eye, and in some settings tears fall for simple anatomical facts. When an elephant is standing, tears run down the trunk, but when lying down, the flow is impeded and tears may be seen coming from the eyes. It may be that animals that are abused shed tears, from pain, although observations of this are rare.“

But why do humans cry?

Humans cry for many reasons, but crying for emotional reasons and crying in response to aesthetic experiences are unique to us. The former is most associated with loss and bereavement, and the art forms that are most associated with tears are music, literature and poetry. There are very few people who cry looking at paintings, sculptures or lovely buildings. But we also have tears of joy the associated feelings of which last a shorter time than crying in the other circumstances.

If it is the case that only humans cry emotionally, then there must have been a time in human evolution when tears took on an additional meaning to their hitherto biological functions, namely as a signal of distress, and a cipher for suffering.

In his book Trimble suggests that this is connected with the dawning of self-consciousness, with the development of theory of mind.  So, what can we take from knowing all this ?

According to Trimble, tears are a natural response to not only suffering, but also to feeling compassion for someone who is shedding tears. We should not be afraid of our emotions, especially those related to compassion, since our ability to feel empathy and with that to cry tears, is the foundation of a morality and culture which is exclusively human.

 What are your thoughts on the human evolution of crying ? Do you know something we don’t?  Share it with the Humintell Community!

For more information on how shedding tears of emotion was vital for human evolution and the rise of cultures, read this NY Times Op Ed Piece by Trimble

Filed Under: Nonverbal Behavior, Science

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