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The Humintell Blog August 13, 2011

The Language for Feelings

Many people are critical of our education system and we are discovering as the years pass that American children graduating from our school systems are not top notch competitively intelligent specimens of a super power such as the United States of America but are failing academically, socially and sometimes emotionally.

Many of us ask, why is this?  It is probably for a culmination of reasons.  How should we as a community, neighborhood and country deal with this impending crisis?

Well, Roots of Empathy, a program that teaches emotional literacy has found a way.

The Greater Good website reported on this program founded by Mary Gordon ,which has  successfully developed courses that aim to decrease aggression not just in our school systems but outside them as well.

Aggression is becoming more prevalent in America’s economically deprived school districts where many kids are raised in single or no parent families, have no money for the essentials in life and were not taught the social skills to deal with frustration or anger in a constructive manner.  Teaching, especially grade level curriculum, in this type of environment can be difficult to say the least.

Most of the issues with learning grade appropriate material  are not issues with teaching the student but with keeping their attention and avoiding social breakdowns or individual behavior breakdowns.  Gordon comments that most of us are worried about our traditional literacy rates when we should be more concerned about our emotional literacy, our ability to connect to ourselves and one another.  She reports, “…if we don’t teach them [disadvantaged children]to relate to others, they will be lost in life—lost in their relationships, they will not have success in their jobs, and we will not have peace in the world.”

An adult can be taught the educational lessons learned in grade school such as identifying the adverb or prepositions in a sentence or combining like constants in an algebraic equation  but real life lessons on communication and understanding yourself and others via empathy are not easily learned once you’re an adult.  These lessons are not taught in the classroom and appear to be vital in helping students that come from rough neighborhoods work with each other and not fight or misbehave.

Roots of Empathy, a classroom based program for children in kindergarten through eighth grade, involves bringing, to a classroom, an infant and observing its emotional reactions to the world around it.  They then address, as a group, what those reactions might be or why they are occurring.

For instance if the baby is crying and nothing seems to be the matter, maybe it is lonely and just wants to be picked up.  What would you do if you felt lonely?  How would you comfort baby X if he/she just seemed to be lonely?  How could someone comfort you?

Gordon points out that her “training” helps children understand that we all feel sad and lonely at times, but we can help one another.  In one of her programs a little girl all of a sudden said, “I felt sad when my mommy gave me away because we didn’t afford good food.”  Even an omission of a feeling in lieu of suppressing it and then having anger because of it can be beneficial to an individual.

She goes on to state, “I remember working with a group of teenage mothers who had all lived through sexual or physical abuse as children and were now struggling with addiction.  They had great difficulty empathizing with their children.”

Being empathetic might seem like a no brainer, but as Gordon illustrates, when you are not exposed to an environment that displays and encourages empathy, usually because of abuse or neglect, then it can be very difficult to give that empathy to someone else even if it is your own helpless baby.

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The Humintell Blog July 22, 2011

Negative Emotion Enhances Memory?

Negative emotions actually enhance a person’s memory.  Who would have thought that it was all the Friday the 13th and Nightmare on Elms street movies that we watched after school that would make us the geniuses we are today?  Well, it turns out it just might be according to an article in The Behavioral Medicine Report .

Bridgid Finn, PhD, researcher in psychology in Arts & Sciences at Washington University, purports, “Memory is labile and dynamic – after you retrieve something, you’re still engaged in processing that information in some way.  We’ve established that the period after retrieval is key in retaining information.”

Finn states that learning is enhanced by (negative) emotion.  Researchers did three different types of tests to examine their hypothesis.  In the initial study, which was published in the June 2011 issue of Psychology Science, 40 students were tested and showed that the process involved in retrieving an item does not end when that item is retrieved.   The experiment revealed that participants did best on items that had been followed by negative pictures.

Why is this and does this work with positive images and memory?  So far research has suggested that positive images do not enhance a person’s memory.  Scientists find that a negative picture can enhance later retention due to the close relationship between areas (amygdala and hippocampus) involved in  negative emotion and remembering.

A second experiment was designed to explore the limits of the enhancement effect.   “…the students continue to process the information during the two second pause,” Finn says.  The third and final study involved 61 students and was intended to rule out the possibility that arousing images simply made certain pairs of words seem more distinct; therefore, easier to remember.

“For negative emotion to enhance later retention of something, this experiment shows that you have to retrieve that information,” Finn states. “That is, you have to go get it. In the absence of retrieval, the negative pictures do not enhance later performance. That’s critical.”

What are your thoughts on this study?  What applications of this study do you see in the future?

Related articles

Shock and recall: Negative emotion may enhance memory, study finds (eurekalert.org)

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The Humintell Blog July 5, 2011

Antisocial Disorder

When people think of psychopaths they think one in a million, perhaps that’s just me.

It turns out that the infrequencies of psychopaths in the world is just a myth.  According to, the Sign of the Times: Psychopathy website this disorder is more prevalent than one might have thought or perhaps wants to believe.

The mounting cases in the media of people who have committed horrific crimes points to the leading polls that psychopathy, if you will, is a prevalent threat to the world.

According to this website, psychopaths make up 4% of the world population and who knows what percent of alien populations elsewhere (ha ha?).  They purport that the prevalence rate for anorexia is a 3.43% and it is nearly deemed an epidemic.  It’s interesting because that figure is a fraction lower than the rate for antisocial personality aka psychopaths.

To put this in perspective, high-profile disorders classed as schizophrenia occur in only 1% [of the population].  This is a quarter the rate of antisocial personality disorder.  Also, the CDC rates colon cancer as “alarmingly high” (in the U.S.) with one in 40 people per 100,000 having the disease and this is 100 times lower than the rate of antisocial personality.

It seems obvious that the severity of psychopaths has a huge scale range.  The question is, is even the smallest remnants of antisocial disorder dangerous?

The article alludes to the possible dangers of such behaviors:

Now add to this strange fantasy the ability to conceal from other people that your psychological makeup is radically different from theirs.  Since everyone simply assumes that conscience is universal among human beings, hiding the fact that you are conscience-free is nearly effortless.

What are your thoughts on the issue?  Keep in mind some of the recent news stories such as the Anthony case?

The article goes on to affirm that, most of us would not link ethnic genocide to something as small as guiltlessly lying to one’s boss about a coworker.  It suggests that not only are these relatable but that the link is the absence of the inner mechanism that beats up on us emotionally when we make a choice we view as immoral , unethical or selfish.

In the video below, expert Dr. Jeffrey Hancock from Cornell University discusses the disorder and how to detect deception when dealing with a psychopath.  Courtesy of Fox 25 News Station.

Detecting deception: Psychopaths among us: MyFoxBOSTON.com

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